The history of the first robot is complex, as the definition of
"robot" has evolved over time—from early mechanical automata to
modern programmable machines. However, the first true electronic autonomous
robots with complex behavior were created in England by William Grey Walter at
the Burden Neurological Institute in Bristol in 1948 and 1949. Walter’s robots,
named Elmer and Elsie, were small, three-wheeled machines often called "tortoises"
due to their shape and movement. These robots could sense light and navigate
towards it, and would return to a charging station when their batteries were
low, demonstrating behaviors that mimicked simple animal instincts.
Before Walter’s work, various
mechanical automata were built in Europe and Asia, such as the trumpet-playing
humanoid robot by Friedrich Kaufmann in Germany in 1810, and Japan’s
Gakutensoku in 1928, designed by Makoto Nishimura. These early creations,
however, were not autonomous in the modern sense—they were powered by clockwork
mechanisms or simple electronics and could only perform pre-set actions.
The first digitally programmable and
industrial robot was invented in the United States by George Devol in 1954.
This robot, later known as "Unimate," laid the foundation for the
modern robotics industry. Unimate was installed at a General Motors plant in
New Jersey in 1961, where it performed repetitive tasks such as lifting hot
metal parts from die-casting machines.
To summarize, while early automata
and mechanical robots appeared in Germany and Japan, the first electronic
autonomous robots were made in England by William Grey Walter in the late
1940s. The first industrial, programmable robot was developed in the United
States by George Devol in the 1950s. Thus, England is credited with creating
the first electronic autonomous robots, while the United States pioneered the first
industrial robot.
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1. Who created the first electronic autonomous robots with
complex behavior?
Answer:
2. In which country were the first electronic autonomous
robots made?
Answer:
3. What were the names of William Grey Walter’s robots?
Answer:
4. What animal did William Grey Walter's robots resemble in
their movement and design?
Answer:
5. Which country is credited with inventing the first digitally
programmable industrial robot?
Answer:
6. Who invented the first digitally operated and
programmable robot?
Answer:
7. What was the name of the first industrial robot installed
at General Motors?
Answer:
8. In what year did William Grey Walter build his first
robots?
Answer:
9. What task did the Unimate robot perform at the General
Motors plant?
Answer:
10. Which early robot was built in Japan in 1928 and could move
its hands and head?
Answer:
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