Brain Sharpenerzz

The history of the first robot is complex, as the definition of "robot" has evolved over time—from early mechanical automata to modern programmable machines. However, the first true electronic autonomous robots with complex behavior were created in England by William Grey Walter at the Burden Neurological Institute in Bristol in 1948 and 1949. Walter’s robots, named Elmer and Elsie, were small, three-wheeled machines often called "tortoises" due to their shape and movement. These robots could sense light and navigate towards it, and would return to a charging station when their batteries were low, demonstrating behaviors that mimicked simple animal instincts. Before Walter’s work, various mechanical automata were built in Europe and Asia, such as the trumpet-playing humanoid robot by Friedrich Kaufmann in Germany in 1810, and Japan’s Gakutensoku in 1928, designed by Makoto Nishimura. These early creations, however, were not autonomous in the modern sense—they were...